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Neo-Classical period (1660-1798)

a. Restoration period (1660-1700)
1) Milton wrote his great epics in this period. He remained almost unaffected by the liberal ideals of the Restoration period.

Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes

2) Samuel Butler (1612-80): Hudibras, a satire in verse.

3) John Bunyan (1628-88): ‘Pilgrim’s Progress’ the famous allegory in prose, ‘The Holy War’ an allegory in prose.

4) John Dryden (1631-1700): All for Love, The Indian Emperor, Aureg-Zebe, Absalom and Achitophel, MacFlecknoe, The Essay of Dramatic Poesy.  Known as ‘Father of modern English criticism’

5) William Congreve (1670-1729): Love for Love, The Way of the World, The Double Dealer.

6) George Farquhar (1678-1707): The Recruiting Officer, The Beaux’ Stratagem.

7) John Locke (1632-1704): An Essay Concerning Human, Understanding.

Literary Features of the Period:

This age encouraged literary freedom and wild pleasures of the world. Realistic drama was predominant. Writers widely used heroic couplet instead of blank verse. Mechanical perfection was the chief concern of the poets. The writers were more artificial than original. The age experienced a transition from renaissance ideals to neoclassical ideals. The main spirit of the age was satiric.

b. Augustan period (1700-1745)
Daniel Defoe (1661-1731)

The father of English novel
works – Robinson Crusoe,

Alexander pope (1688-1744)

Fools rush in where angels fear to treat’ is quoted by – Alexander pope.
To err is human, to forgive is diving – Alexander pope. *
A little learning is a dangerous thing.
Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul.
He was called ‘Mock heroic poet’*
works – The Rape of the Lock*,

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)

Most famous satirist in English literature**
works – Gulliver’s Travels

Samuel Richardson (1681-1761)

The first English novel ‘Pamela’ has been written by him

Henry Fielding (1707-1754)

Tom Jones’ was first published in – 1st half of 19 century. **Considered to be the father of English Novel. *

Literary Features of the age:

The ideals of neoclassicism which originated in the previous age became obvious. Most of the writings of this age were satires in prose. The literature of the period suggests a political awareness of the people.

(c) The Age of Sensibility (1745-1785):

This age is called The Age of Sensibility because in this age a sense that prefers instinct, feeling and ‘’original genius’’ to neoclassical balance, restraint and perfection became dominant. It is also called The Age of Johnson after the name of Dr. Samuel Johnson who dominated this period. This age started after Pope’s death and ended with the first edition of Lyrical Ballads in 1798. The important events of this period were:

1. Inventions of this period contributed to the Industrial Revolution.
2. Industrial towns appeared.
3. French Revolution started in 1789 and continued till 1799. The slogan of the revolution was ‘’Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.’’ The king along with his queen was overthrown by the common people. This revolution had tremendous effect on the life and literature of the people of England.
4. There was revolution in agricultural production.
5. The British founded its empire in India in 1757 and lost its American colony in 1776.
6. In 1764 Dr. Johnson founded his famous literary club known as Johnson’s Literary Club.

Major Writers and Their Major Works:

1. Samuel Johnson (1709-84): Dictionary (1755), Preface to Shakespeare.
2. Samuel Richardson (1689-1761): Started his career as a novelist in the previous age wrote ‘’Clarissa Harlowe’’ (1748) and ‘’Sir Charles Grandison’’ (1754) in this period.
3. Henry Fielding (1707-54): Tom Jones, Amelia.
4. Oliver Goldsmith (1728-74): The Citizen of the World, The Vicar of the Wakefield.
5. Thomas Grey (1716-71): ‘’Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard’’.
6. William Blake (1757-1827): Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience.
7. Edward Gibbon (1737-94): The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
8. Edmund Burke (1729-97): On American Taxation, Speech on Conciliation with America.

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   May 13, 2017 | 8 years আগে

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