Present tense (বর্তমান কাল)
Present perfect tense: বর্তমান কালে কোনো কাজ এই মাত্র শেষ হয়েছে কিন্তু তার ফল এখনো বর্তমান আছে, এরূপ বোঝালে verb-এর present perfect tense হয়।
গঠন প্রণালি: Subject-এর পর person ও number অনুসারে have বা has বসে এবং মূল verb-এর past participle form ব্যবহৃত হয়।
| Structure of present perfect simple | ||
| positive | negative | question |
| I’ve (I have) seen him. You’ve done it. We’ve been there. They’ve eaten it. |
I haven’t (have not) seen him. You haven’t done it. We haven’t been there. They haven’t eaten it. |
Have I seen him? Have you done it? Have we been there? Have they eaten it? |
| He’s (he has) gone. She’s (she has) finished. It’s (it has) gone. |
He hasn’t (has not) gone. She hasn’t finished. It hasn’t gone. |
Has he gone? Has she finished? Has it gone? |
| Present perfect simple – common mistakes | ||
| Common mistakes | Correct version | Why? |
| Steven has written a new book. | The past participle of the verb must be used – wrote is past simple, written is the past participle. | |
| Have you seen him before? | The helping verb ‘have’ is used in the present perfect- it is inverted with the person (you have becomes have you). | |
| I haven’t seen him before. | The helping verb ‘have’ is used in the present perfect- to make it negative we simply add not(n’t). | |
| I have been here since last week. | The present perfect is used to show an action which continues to the present (an unfinished action). | |
| I’ve known him for 5 years. | Verbs such as know, want,like, etc. (stative verbs) suggest permanent states, not actions, so are used in the simple form, NOT the -ing form. | |
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