Verb
A verb is a word or group of word (phrase) that is used to describe an action, state or occurrence.
Role of Verb in a sentence:
Verb forms the main part of the predicate of a sentence. Every complete sentence must have a verb.
Verbs are:
Action: read, do, walk, bring, run, learn, eat etc.
State: be, exist, stand etc.
Occurrence: happen, become etc.
Example:- He is a good man. (Using the most common to be verb)
– We learn from the Web.
– She speaks in English.
– Rimi is thinking about the incident.
Verbs change their form based on time/tense (past, present, and future), person (first person, second person, and third person), number (singular, plural), voice (active and passive) etc.
Kinds of Verb:
Firstly verb is divided into two categories:
i. Principal or Lexical or Main Verb
ii. Auxiliary or Helping Verb
i. Principal or Lexical Verb:
Verbs which are used independently without help of other verbs are called Principal or Main verb.
Example:- He is a singer.
– She does her job.
– They have many problems.
Principal verbs are two types depending on the object they take:
a. Transitive verb.
Transitive verb is an action verb that requires one or more objects which receive the action of the verb in a sentence.
Example:
– She reads the book. (verb with the object ‘the book’)
– He gave me a mobile phone. (verb with the object ‘me’ and ‘mobile phone’)
– I saw her in the market.
– Rifat wants a pen form Ryan.
b. Intransitive verb.
Intransitive verb is an action verb that requires no direct object in the sentence.
Example:
– She reads. (no object in the sentence)
– Sit down here. (“)
– The birds are flying. (“)
– She is singing. (“)
– The sun set. (“)
– I walked to the park today. (“)
– I went to the campus for a scheduled class. (“)
Way to find transitive and intransitive verb:
If object is available in a sentence then the verb is transitive of that sentence.
And if object is not present in sentence then the verb is intransitive of that sentence.
So, to find an object we ask the verb by “Whom” or “what” and the answer we get is an object of that sentence.
Example:
-He gave me a mobile phone.
Gave Whom? Answer is me. And Gave what? Answer is mobile phone.
So the “gave” verb should be a transitive verb.
-She reads.
Reads what? No answer is found.
So the reads verb is intransitive verb.
ii. Auxiliary or Helping Verb:
Verbs which help a Principal verb to form a sentence are called Auxiliary or Helping verb.
Example:
– He is singing a song.
– She is doing her job.
– They are facing many problems.
Here, is and are helping the main verb sing, do, face.
Auxiliary verbs are two types:
i. Primary or Tense Auxiliaries such as be, am, is was, are, were, been, being, have, has, had, having, do, does and did.
Example:
Different forms of verb are used in different situations.
– I am doing the job. (present Continuous)
– Ryan was sleeping that moment. (past Continuous)
– It is done by her. (passive form)
– Rifat reads the book. (present form as principle verb)
– She is here. (principle verb)
– They have completed the mission. (present perfect)
– Does he make it?
– Have you prepared for the situation?
ii. Modal Auxiliaries such as can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, need, dare, used to, ought to etc.
Modals only take the base form of verbs after them.
Example:
– Shall we start the game? (Asking the question)
– You should read the book attentively. (Suggest)
– Would you give a cup of coffee? (request)
– I can do the sum? (ability)
– May I come in? (permission)
– I used to have tea in the evening. (habit)
– We ought to respect our seniors (moral obligation)
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