Uses of Modal Auxiliary Verb
1. Can:
| Ability | I can walk ten miles at a time. |
| permission | You can go. |
| Seek permission | Can I talk to you? |
| Possibility | I can go to your house. |
| Request | Can you help me with some money? |
2. May
| Possibility (less than can) | He may come to my house. |
| Seek permission gently | May I come in? |
| Purpose (present) | He works hard so that he may prosper in life. |
| Wishes and hopes | May Bangladesh long live. |
| Speculation | They may be waiting at the station for you now. |
| Give permission (2nd and 3rd person) | You may go now. |
3. Could
| Past ability/ habitual work | I could walk ten miles at a stretch. |
| Polite Request | Could you help me? |
| Past inability | I could not understand you. |
| Suggestion | You could talk to the Principal. |
4. Could have
| Someone could do a work but did not do | You could have done the sum. |
5. Might
| Possibility (less than ‘may) | He might leave the country. |
| Purpose (Past) | He worked hard so that he might prosper in life |
| Speculation | They might be playing now. |
- Shall
| Future event (I,We) | We shall go out for a visit. |
| Command, threat, Authoritative order(2nd,3rd person) | You shall Carry out my order. |
| Intention of the speaker | You shall have a nice pen. |
| Determination | The weak shall be given equal rights. |
7. Should
| Obligation/Duty | We should obey our parents |
| Advice/ recommendation | You should stop smoking. |
| Polite request | Shall I help you? |
| Use after ‘Lest’ | He walked fast lest he should miss the train. |
| Assumption in present, past and future tense | It should be raining now.
He should have reached home by now. He should have much time to reach the station. |
| Past obligation | He should have read sincerely. |
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